Juvenile hake is being widely sold in Italian ports, violating EU laws and threatening the recovery of this key Mediterranean fish species, reveals a new report.
The investigation by Oceana, Sea Shepherd and consumer groups Altroconsumo and OCU found that 91% of bottom trawlers, market stalls and fishmongers in seven Italian coastal locations sold undersized hake for human consumption – an illegal practice under EU rules.
“Our investigation reveals a widespread and largely unmonitored illicit trade in juvenile hake taking place very visibly in Italian ports,” said Giulia Guadagnoli, senior policy advisor at Oceana Europe.
“This threatens the recovery of one of the Mediterranean’s most overfished species.”
The study targeted areas along Italy’s western Mediterranean coast known for hake nursery grounds, including Tuscany, Lazio, Campania and Sicily. Oceana and Sea Shepherd documented undersized hake being sold openly from boats and stalls, as well as served in some restaurants. Additionally, Spanish online retailers were found advertising juvenile hake imported from Italy, raising concerns over traceability and enforcement.
A survey by Altroconsumo showed strong public awareness, with nine out of ten Italians recognising the problem of undersized fish sales and calling for stronger enforcement. However, consumer knowledge about legal fish sizes remains low, highlighting the need for educational campaigns.
“Allowing the illicit selling of juvenile species like hake can compromise the future of our oceans,” said Andrea Morello, president of Sea Shepherd Italy.
“Transparency and integrity are essential to protect both marine ecosystems and the public.”
The report urges stronger enforcement, improved fishing practices such as larger mesh sizes, expanded nursery area protections and better consumer information to safeguard hake stocks and ensure sustainable fishing across the Mediterranean.
